Unions National Confederation of Labour (CNT) and General Workers Union (UGT) call a general strike from 19 to 23 July in response to both the military uprising and the apparent apathy State against it. Although precise records existed in the days before distribution of arms in civilian sectors, is during the general strike if union groups linked to trade unions and convening smaller groups, many of the deposits assault weapons law enforcement, whether they are rebels against the government or not. Already in these early weeks, down two shades between the revolutionary anarcho sectors: the radical group, linked mainly to the Iberian Anarchist Federation (FAI) and through it to the CNT, but also involving other smaller organizations that understand the phenomenon of participating as a revolution in the traditional sense, and the possibilistic group, which also included members of another sector CNT (and other more moderate revolutionary groups), which expresses the desirability of participating in a broader front (later called the anti-fascist Popular Front (APF), resulting from trade unions to join the Popular Front electoral coalition). In parallel, there is the formation of administrative structures outside the state, most of which have local or county, exceeding these limits in individual cases, some of the most important are: the Central Committee of Antifascist Militias of Catalonia, the Executive Committee Popular de Valencia, the Public Health Committee of Málaga, Gijón War Committee and the Council of the Cerdanya. In all these structures reflected the aforementioned distinction between the two revolutionary sensibilities. In the hands of the radicals will Committees War and Defense, progressively less important, in the hands of chance, the rest. Within days
articulate the Civil War fronts, including a major in the context of the revolution is that of Aragon. On July 24, 1936 the first volunteer militia part of Barcelona in the direction of Aragon. It is the Durruti Column, about 3,000 men, mostly workers coordinated by Buenaventura Durruti, ranging libertarian communism implemented by municipalities those who pass by. In addition, these structures form other military and the Iron Column or Red and Black Column also departing to Aragon. All this movement will lead to an extraordinary concentration of anarchists in the part not taken by the military rebels. The arrival, on the one hand, the thousands of militiamen anarchists in Catalonia and Valencia and the existence, on the other, a large rural grassroots syndicalist affiliation Aragon enable the progressive development of the most experienced collectivist revolution. During this first phase most of the economy was placed under the control of organized labor by unions, mainly in areas anarchists, this phenomenon reached 75% of the total industry, but in areas of social influence was much lower rate. The factories were organized by committees of workers, agricultural areas became collectivized and run as libertarian communes. Even places like hotels, barber shops, and restaurants were collectivized and managed by their workers. The communes were used according to the basic principle each according to his ability, to each according to his need . In some places, the capital was completely eliminated, to be replaced by vouchers. Under this system, the cost of goods was often a little more than a quarter of the previous cost. The seized and collectivized rural areas during this phase of the revolution range: over 70% in Catalonia, about 70% in Aragon reconquered, 70% in Badajoz, 58% in Castilla La Mancha, Andalusia 49% untested the military rebels, and about 13% in Valencia.
In Aragon, where libertarian communism was proclaimed the passing of the libertarian militia columns, formed approximately 450 rural communities, almost all of them in the hands of the CNT, with a number to be around the 20 by the UGT. In the area of \u200b\u200bValencia 353 communities will be formed, led by the CNT 264, 69 and 20 UGT mixed way. One of its major developments the Council will Levantine Unified Citrus Export (CLUE). Despite critics clamoring for maximum efficiency, producing more than anarchist communes before being collectivized. The newly liberated zones worked on libertarian principles: decisions were made through councils of ordinary citizens without any red tape (note that the leadership of the CNT-FAI in this period was not as radical as responsible members of these drastic changes.) In addition to the economic revolution, there was a spirit cultural revolution. Some traditions were seen as forms of oppression. For example, women were allowed to abort the idea of \u200b\u200bfree love became popular and there was a rise of naturism. Somehow, the release was similar to the movements of the New Left the 1960's. Despite this de facto breakdown of state power, on 2 August the government takes an early measures in order to regain control against the revolution, the creation of the Volunteer Battalions , embryo People's Army of the Republic. Also promulgated a number of decrees, more symbolic than real, overwhelmed by the revolutionary phenomenon. Also emerge as the first tension between the strategy of the CNT and the Communist Party's policy and its extension in Catalonia, the Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) and leave on August 6 PSUC members of the Catalan autonomous government pressures syndicalists.
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