Prince, geographer, considered one of the leading theorists of the anarchist movement, in which he defended the thesis of libertarian communism. Born in Moscow on December 21, 1842, studied at St. Petersburg and served in the Russian Army from 1862 to 1867. During this period, led two successive expeditions to Siberia and Manchuria, which provided valuable geographical knowledge in addition to making a great contribution to science on the thaw. He returned to St. Petersburg in 1867, and was made an Officer of the Russian Geographical Society. Explored the glaciers of Finland and Sweden on behalf of that association from 1871 to 1873. While conducting these investigations, also devoted to studying the writings of leading political theorists, and finally adopted the views of revolutionary socialism, starting here the first approaches to politics in the Marxist camp. He later became one of the defenders of the doctrine of anarchism.
Something curious
Something curious
and betrays his mood greatly anarcho-communism was that in 1872 participated in the First International, until then everything seems normal, but he first became a Marxist and then as a follower of anarchist Mikhail Bakunin ideologue. When he returned to Russia after its socialist stage, began to spread anarchist thought, which is why he was arrested and imprisoned in 1874. He escaped two years later and joined an international anarchist society, the Jura Federation. Then moved to France, where he was arrested in 1883 and sentenced to five years in prison for his anarchist activities. After being released three years later, he moved to England, where he lived and worked for thirty years. During the First World War was a supporter of Russian imperialism and thought it was necessary to oppose the extremely militarist policy of Germany, because it was criticized by the internationalists and much of the anarchist movement, including their own friends. After the February Revolution defended the young republic. After the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, returned to his country and settled near Moscow, but even took part in Soviet political life did not develop any official capacity. He died on February 8, 1921 in Dmitrov, a town close to Moscow and from where Vladimir Lenin wrote his famous letters.
The central theme of many works of Kropotkin was the abolition of all forms of government for a society that is governed exclusively by the principle of mutual aid and cooperation, without state institutions. This ideal society (anarchist or anarcho-communism communism) is the last step of a revolutionary process that would be before a phase of collectivism (the anarcho-collectivism, the theory in some respects close to the kind of communism raised here). Perhaps his most important anarchist thought is The Conquest of Bread (1888). In his role as a naturalist, raised the importance of cooperation as a key factor in the evolution parallel to the competition. His most famous work, mutual aid , written from his experiences in scientific expeditions during his stay in Siberia, criticizes the ideas of Thomas Henry Huxley and Herbert Spencer, who based natural selection in the struggle between individuals.
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