political Philosopher and revolutionary French agriculture, and the father of anarchism. came from a family of artisans and peasants. A native of Franche-Comte, where his economic views social and have a first and deeply rooted in his childhood observations on the work, property, sales and fair price. Suard Thanks to the scholarship he studied for some time in the College of Besançon, but economic reasons prevented him from concluding his high school there. Basically it should be regarded as an autodidact. The non-systematic, the contradictions (real or apparent), the great and brilliant flight rigor of his style are the result of the French genius and self-taught peasant-artisan.
The first work that Proudhon wrote was an essay on the parts of speech (1835), with whom opted for the prize in a contest launched by the Academy of Besançon. In 1839 he published a work of historical-sociological, on the conclusion of Sunday, which, like the first, not a lot of attention. But his third play, What is Property?, appeared in 1840, he suddenly became famous in France and worldwide. The following year, in 1841, then in 1842, completed the theory here exposed to a second and third memory.
In 1843 he wrote two important works: The creation of order and humanity System of Economical Contradictions or philosophy misery. The latter gave place a replica of Karl Marx, who wrote and his dialectically Poverty of Philosophy, exactly a year later. Proudhon
met Marx in Paris in 1845 he met Mikhail Bakunin. And while it is true that Proudhon was influenced by the young German philosopher, is no less true that, in turn, influenced greatly on him. Suffice it to recall that Proudhon was the first to speak of socialism as a science and admired Marx What is Property? and made him high praise in La Sagrada Familia by stating that its consequences are at least equal to the prospectus of the Abbe Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes, What is the Third Estate? reads Marx: "Proudhon does not write only on behalf of the workers, he is a proletarian. His work is the manifesto of the proletarian French scientist has a different historical significance of the literary vagary of a critic either."
Proudhon in 1848 was elected deputy to the National Assembly, the proclamation of the Second Republic. Within that legislative reform proposal combats Louis Blanc, "whose national workshops numb the workers without giving them anything of substance" . In that environment bourgeois republican dissident appears as a stranger. He writes in his Carnets: "These deputies are amazed that I did not have horns and claws" . However, their ideas, through the newspaper that publishes Le representant du peuple (representing the people), then come to have great influence on the grassroots of Paris. When General Louis Eugène Cavaignac violently suppressed a popular revolt of June 23, six hundred ninety-one of six hundred ninety-three Assembly deputies approve of his conduct: Proudhon is one of the two sentences. On this occasion, gave a famous speech, which exhaustively and radically opposed, as nobody dared to do until then, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat stating that "the proletariat will make a new order, beyond the established law, and proceed to liquidation of the bourgeoisie" . At this time, Proudhon, which usually has a non-violent position, because it relies on the mechanisms of economic organization, assumed a belligerent attitude, we might well call "strength." "The hope of peacefully to the abolition of the proletariat is a pure utopia" . Soon after, as reaffirming the idea of \u200b\u200bclass struggle, adding: "I belong to the party of labor against capital" .
In December of that year Proudhon Lambastes Louis Napoleon in his newspaper La voix du peuple (Village Voice), and regards it as the worst enemy of the proletariat and socialism. It is therefore sentenced in 1849 to several years in prison. Flees to Belgium, where he lives in obscurity for a while, earning a living as a math tutor. On one occasion, returning to France for private reasons, it is discovered, and imprisoned in the notorious prison of St. Pelagia. There is engaged with passionate fervor to study and write, among other books, The general idea of \u200b\u200bthe revolution. It also maintains a large and secret correspondence with many opposition figures, and promotes an alliance between the proletariat and the middle class to overthrow Louis Napoleon, an attitude that will be alleged by some socialists, who recalled that a few years before Proudhon had opposed a categorical way the proletariat and the bourgeoisie.
in 1858 wrote one of his most extensive and important historical and philosophical works: On Justice in the Revolution and the Church , which he applies a new sentence for his attack against a state religion, and new exile in Belgium. An amnesty allowed to return home, where in 1863 published another of his principles: federation Principle, it develops widely comprehensive conception of federalism, which aims not only to decentralize political power and make the central state scattering in the communes, but also and above all, to decentralize economic power and put the land and the instruments of production owned by the local community workers. This concept of federalism is perhaps best sums up that whole-body which is the thought of Proudhon. In the last two years of his life written another work of great doctrinal importance, which influences the ideological formation of the founders of the First International: of the political capacity of the working class , published in 1865.
The thought of Proudhon hand, above all, the philosophy of the Enlightenment. British empiricists and French encyclopedists are often tacit or explicit budget of doctrinal developments. Lambastes Rousseau (William Godwin as before and after Mikhail Bakunin), but it takes some of its basic ideas. Proudhon also influence the sharp criticism of the utopian socialists, such as Henri de Saint-Simon and Charles Fourier, though no more reluctant than he to ideal constructions and futuristic design of bright pictures.
0 comments:
Post a Comment